Modern microprocessors such as Intel′s Pentium chip typically contain millions of transitors. Known generically as Very Large–Scale Integrated (VLSI) systems, the chips have a scale and complexity that has necessitated the development of CAD tools to automate their design. This book focuses on the algorithms which are the building blocks of the design automation software which generates the layout of VLSI circuits. One of the first books on the subject, this guide covers all stages of design.