The capacity of wireless data communications is lagging behind demands due to unsatisfactory performance of the existing wireless networks, such as low data rates, low spectral efficiency and low quality of service.
Space-time coding is an effective transmit diversity technique to combat fading in wireless communications.

Space-time codes are a highly bandwidth-efficient approach to signalling within wireless communication that takes advantage of the spatial dimension by transmitting a number of data streams using multiple co-located antennas. There are various approaches to the coding structures, including space-time trellis coded modulation, space-time turbo codes and also layered architectures. The central issue in all these various coding structures is the exploitation of multipath effects in order to achieve very high spectral efficiencies.

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