In the past decade, research activities in nanoscience have grown explosively. While we are just beginning to understand the functionalities that can be accessed through the use of nano approaches, their tremendous potential to revolutionize the ways in which matter is fabricated, synthesized and processed is already evident. Presently atoms, molecules, clusters and nanoparticles can be used as functional building blocks for fabricating advanced and totally new phases of condensed matter on the nanometer length scale. The optimal size of such unit components depends on the particular property to be engineered: by altering the dimensions of the building blocks, controlling their surface geometry, chemistry and assembly, it will be possible to tailor functionalities in unprecedented ways.

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