This book contains the proceedings of the 12th ICA Associated Symposium on Underwater Acoustics held at the Chateau Halifax hotel in Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada, 16-18 July 1986

The papers proposed the following technical areas for special attention:
• Underwater Acoustic Imaging
• Acoustic Propagation (Deep water, Shallow water, Slope water)
• Scattering of Rough Ocean Boundaries
• Acoustic Signal Processing and Beamforming
• Inverse Methods; and
• Acoustics in the Offshore Industry: Petroleum and Fishing.

CONTENTS
FOREWORD
PREFACE
Opening Address
1. SOUND SCATTERING FROM OCEAN BOUNDARIES
ACOUSTICAL VISUALISATION OF THE OCEAN BOTTOM
THE SEA BOTTOM BACICSCATTERING OF SOUND (THE HISTORY AID MODERN STATE)
A UNIFIED DESCRIPTION OF WAVE SCATTERING AT BOUNDARIES WITH LARGE AND SMALL SCALE ROUGHNESS
VALIDITY OF THE BORN AND RYTOV APPROXIMATIONS
MULTIPLE SCATTERING AT ROUGH OCEAN BOUNDARIES
ROUGH SURFACE SCATTERING AND THE KIRCHHOFF APPROXIMATION
HIGH FREQUENCY SCATTERING FROM ROUGH BOTTOMS AND THE SECOND BORN APPROXIMATION
STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACOUSTIC FIELDS SCATTERED AT THE SEA SURFACE: A HELMHOLTZ-GULIN MODEL
THE IMPORTANCE OF HYBRID RAY PATHS, BOTTOM LOSS, AND FACET REFLECTION ON OCEAN BOTTOM REVERBERATION
2. SCATTERING BY BIOLOGICAL AND OTHER BODIES
THE STUDY OF SOUND BACKSCATTERING FROM MICROINHOMOGENEITIES IN SEA WATER
Scaring Effects on Fish and Harmful Effects on Eggs, Larvae and Fry by Offshore Seismic Explorations
FISH STOCK ASSESSMENT BY A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ECHO SOUNDER SIGNALS
PROCESSING OF FISH ECHO-SIGNALS FOR CLASSIFICATION PURPOSE
BROADBAND ACOUSTICAL SCATTERING BY INDIVIDUAL FISH
MULTICHANNEL FALSE COLOR ECHOGRAHS AS A BIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATIVE TOOL
STUDY OF THE PSEUDO - LAMB WAVE So GENERATED IN THIN CYLINDRICAL SHELLS INSONIFIED BY SHORT ULTRASONIC PULSES IN WATER
SCATTERING OF AN ACOUSTIC WAVE BY A TRANSMISSION-LOSS TILE
FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE OF THE INTERACTION OF ULTRASOUND VITH SUSPENDED SEDIMENT PARTICLES
SOUND SCATTERING IN AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS OF SAND: COMPARISON OF THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
3. ACOUSTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE OCEAN AND THE OCEAN FLOOR
A COMBINED SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILER AND SIDESCAN SONAR SYSTEM FOR DEEP OCEAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS
SIGNAL PROCBSSING OF OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY DATA
SEISMIC PROFlllNG WITH A PARAMETRIC, SELF-DEMODULATED RICKER WAVElET
REMOTE ACOUSTIC MAPPING OF A SUBMARINE SPRING PLUME
ACOUSTIC REMOTE SENSING OF THE WAVEHEIGHT DIRECTIONAL SPECTRUM OF SURFACE GRAVITY WAVES
A PATTERH RECOGNITION APPROACH TO REHOTE ACOUSTIC BOTTOM CHARACTERIZATION
COMPARATIVE NUMERICAL STUDY OF VLF SIGNAL PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS FOR OCEAN BOTTOM AND MARINE BOREHOLE ARRAYS
APPLICATION OF ACOUSTIC WAVES AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MARlNE SEDIMENTS
THE ESTIMATION OF DENSITY, P-WAVE, AND S-WAVE SPEEDS OF THE TOP-MOST LAYERS OF SEDIMENTS
ETL REFLECTIVITY AS A FEATURE FOR RECOGNITION OF TOP-LAYER MARINE SEDIMENTS
INVERSION OF OCEAN SUB BOTTOM REFLECTION DATA
AN INVERSE METHOD FOR OBTAINING THE ATTENUATION PROFILE AND SMALL VARIATIONS IN THE SOUND SPEED AND DENSITY PROFILES OF THE OCEAN BOTTOM
A PERTURBATIVE INVERSE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GEOACOUSTIC PARAMETERS IN SHALLOW WATER
A SYNTHETIC APERTURE-ARRAY TECHNIQUE FOR FAST APPROXIMATE GEOBOTTOM RECONNAISSANCE
BURIED TARGET REFLECTIVITY EVALUATION THROUGH AN ARRAY OF SENSORS
REFLECTIVITY OF A LAYER WITH ARBITRARY PROFILES OF DENSITY AND SOUND VELOCITY
SOUND SPEED PROFILE INVERSION IN THE OCEAN
A TECHNIQUE FOR MODELING THE 3-D SOUND SPEED DISTRIBUTION AND STEADY STATE WATER VELOCITY FIELD FROM HYDROPHONE DATA
4. SOUND PROPAGATION IN THE OCEAN
a) General
A NEW FORM OF THE WAVE EQUATION FOR SOUND IN A GENERAL LAYERED FLUID
PHASE SPACE METHODS AND PATH INTEGRATION: THE CONSTRUCTION OF NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS FOR COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS
PREDICTING CONVERGENCE ZONE FORMATION IN THE DEEP OCEAN
A NEW APPROXIMATE SOLUTION VALID AT TURNING POINTS
THE SOUND INTENSITIES NEAR THE CONJUGATE TURNING POINTS IN AN UNDERWATER SOUND CHANNEL
MODELING ACOUSTIC WAVES BY TRANSMUTATION METHODS
BEYOND WHAT DISTANCE ARE FINITE-AMPLITUDE EFFECTS UNIMPORTANT?
ATTENUATION OF LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND IN THE SEA: RECENT RESULTS
ON THE CALCULATION OF ACOUSTIC INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS CAUSED BY OCEAN CURRENTS
QUICK NORMAL MODE TYPE STARTING FIELDS FOR PARABOLIC EQUATION MODELS
A POSTERIORI PHASE CORRECTIONS TO THE PARABOLIC EQUATION
PERTURBATION MODELING FOR OCEAN SOUND PROPAGATION
FAST COMPUTATION OF PERTURBED NORMAL MODES
Omnidirectional Ambient Noise Measurements in the Southern Baltic Sea During Summer and Winter
AMBIENT NOISE OVER THICKLY SEDIMENTED CONTINENTAL SLOPES
b) Shallow Water
SOME NEW CHALLENGES IN SHALLOW WATER ACOUSTICS
PROPAGATION OF SEISMIC AND ACOUSTIC WAVES IN HORIZONTALLY STRATIFIED MEDIA WITH STOCHASTICALLY ROUGH INTERFACES
THE EFFECT OF VARIABLE ROUGHNESS OF A GRANITE SEABED ON LOW-FREQUENCY SHALLOW·WATER ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION
OCEAN SEISMO-ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION
MEASUREMENTS OF WIND DEPENDENT ACOUSTIC TRANSMISSION LOSS IN SHALLOW WATER UNDER BREAKING WAVE CONDITIONS
MODELLING WIND DEPENDENT ACOUSTIC TRANSMISSION LOSS DUE TO BUBBLES IN SHALLOW WATER
FOURIER AND FRESHEL POCI AND LEVEL DISTRIBUTIONS IN INTERPERENCE FIELDS
A MODEL OF SOUND PROPAGATION IN AN OPEN DOCK
c) Slope Water
SOUND PROPAGATION IN A RANGE-DEPENDENT SHALLOW OCEAN WITH A BOTTOM CONTAINING VERTICAL SOUND SPEED GRADIENTS
CANONICAL PROPAGATION PROBLEMS FOR A WEDGE SHAPED OCEAN: I. LAYERED FLUID-SOLID BOTTOM; II. BOTTOM WITH LINEAR SURFACE IMPEDANCE VARIATION
RIGOROUS THEORY OF HORIZONTAL REFRACTION IN A WEDGE SHAPED OCEAN
SPECTRAL DECOMPOSITION OF PE FIELDS IN A WEDGE-SHAPED OCEAN
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE PARABOLIC EQ.UATION FOR GUIDED MODE DISAPPEARANCE AT A CRITICAL DEPTH
VERTICAL DIRECTIONALITY OF ACOUSTIC SIGNALS PROPAGATING DOWNSLOPE TO A DEEP OCEAN RECEIVER
A THEORETICAL MODEL OF ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION AROUND A CONICAL SEAMOUNT
Experimental Bearing Shifts as Evidence of Horizontal Refraction in a Wedge-Like Ocean
5. TRANSDUCERS, RADIATION AND INSTRUMENTATION
UNDERWATER SOUNDBEAMS CREATED BY AIRBORNE LASER SYSTEMS
OPTICAL GENERATION OF SOUND: EXPERIMENTS WITH A MOVING THERMOACOUSTIC SOURCE. THE PROBLEM OF OBLIQUE INCIDENCE OF THE LASER BEAM
ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS OF KINETIC IMPACTS ON ICE
AXIAL FOCUSING BY PHASED CONCENTRIC ANNULI
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF BEAM PATTERNS FOR A SONAR PHASED CYLINDRICAL ARRAY
SOME ASPECTS OF TRANSDUCER DESIGN BY FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUES
A lO-kW RING-SHELL PROJECTOR
BEAMFORNING WITH ACOUSTIC LENSES AND FILTER PLATES
HYDROPHONE USlNG A FIBER FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETER
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS
ACOUSTIC PRESSURE RADIATED FROM HEAVY-FLUID LOADED INFINITE PLATE DRIVEN BY SEVERAL POINT FORCES
TRANSFER PROPERTIES OF A FLUID LOADED ELASTOMER LAYER
PARAMETRIC ACOUSTIC ARRAY APPLICATION USING LIQUIDS WITH LOW SOUND SPEED
6. SIGNAL PROCESSING AND BEAMFORMING
SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR PRECISE OCEAN MAPPING
AN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC POSITION FIXING SYSTEM FOR PRECISE LOW RANGE USE
IMPROVEMENT OF UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC LOCALIZATION BY COHERENT PROCESSING
A BEAM STEERING PROCESS FOR SEISMIC DATA
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY-RATE SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
SPACE-TIME PROCESSING, ENVIRONMENTAL-ACOUSTIC EFFECTS
AN EFFICIENT METHOD OF DOLPH-CHEBYSHEV BEAMFORMING
MDLTIPATH PROCESSING FOR IMPROVED DETECTION ON A LONG VERTICAL ARRAY
BEARING ESTIMATION OF A SINGLE HONOCHROMATIC PLANE WAVE WITH A LINEAR RECEIVING ARRAY
ITERATIVE METHODS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF MULTICHANNEL DATA
LINEAR PREDICTION FOR SENSOR RECOVERY IN LINE ARRAY BEAMFORMING
AN ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION BROADBARD SPATIAL PROCESSING
ABSTRACTS
PROGRAM
AUTHOR INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX

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