This book provides an overview of the current analytical methods for trace determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. The book also reviews the fate and occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the water cycle for their elimination in wastewater and drinking water treatment, focusing on the newest developments in treatment technologies, such as membrane bioreactors and advanced oxidation processes.

Pharmaceutically active substances are a class of new, so-called emerging contaminants that have raised great concern in recent years. Human and veterinary drugs are continuously being released into the environment mainly as a result of the manufacturing processes, the disposal of unused or expired products, and via excreta. The analytical methodology for the determination of trace pharmaceuticals in complex environmental matrices is still evolving, and the number of methods described in the literature has grown considerably. This volume leads the way, keeping chemistry students, toxicologists, engineers, wastewater managers and related professionals current with developments in this quickly evolving area.
• Covers the latest developments in trace determinations
• Concise and critical compilation of the recent literature
• Focuses on new treatment technologies

Brief Contents
Contributors to Volume 62
Series Editor's Preface
Preface
1 - General Introduction on Pharmaceuticals
2 - Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Sources and Their Management
3 - Prioritization: Selection of Environmentally Occurring Pharmaceuticals to Be Monitored
4 - Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water, Groundwater, Surface Water, and Wastewater
5 - Analysis of PhACs in Solid Environmental Samples (Soil, Sediment, and Sludge)
6 - Analysis of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Biota
7 - Application of Bioassays/Biosensors for the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Samples
8 - Removal of Pharmaceuticals by Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants
9 - Removal of Pharmaceuticals by Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology
10 - Removal of Pharmaceuticals by Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF), and Reverse Osmosis (RO)
11 - Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Environmentally Relevant Matrices by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
12 - Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds from Wastewater and Surface Water by Natural Treatments
13 - Removal of Pharmaceuticals by Bank Filtration and Artificial Recharge and Recovery
14 - Fate and Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment (Surface Water and Sediment)
15 - Fate and Occurrence of PhACs in the Terrestrial Environment
16 - Methods for Elucidation of Transformation Pathways: Identification of Intermediate Products, Chiral, and Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis
17 - Deciphering Emerging Toxicological Effects of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Organisms by Using Daphnia magna and Danio rerio as Model Organisms
18 - The Effect of PhACs on Biological Communities in Rivers: Field Studies
19 - Antibiotic Resistance in the Aquatic Environment
20 - Reporting and Evaluating Ecotoxicity Data for Environmental Risk Assessment: How Can Current Practices Be Improved?
21 - Conclusions and Future Research Needs

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