The art of the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe is referred to as "Renaissance," but, like all our stylistic labels, the term is imprecise, and since "renaissance" literally means revival or rebirth, we can also speak of the Carolingian and Ottonian renaissances and of the so called proto-renaissances in late 11th and early 12th-century Tuscan architecture and in the art of Provence in the 12th century. What links all renaissance movements is a revival of interest in forms from the classical tradition, although, in each case, the direction and, above all, the scope of these classical influences were interpreted differently.

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