Year: 1995
Author: Lyandres Semion
Genre: monograph, history, political science, diplomacy, imperialism, falsification of history
Publisher: University of Pittsburg Press (Pittsburgh, USA)
ISBN: 08899-275X
Series: The Carl Beck papers in Russian & East European Studies, no. 1106
English language
Format: PDF
Number of Pages: 134

From the review of Egorov AA:
The problems touched upon in the monograph by the professor of the University of North Carolina S.Landres may seem familiar even to the little-informed reader. Indeed, what's new can now be said about "German gold" and Russian Bolsheviks? Nevertheless, S.Landres's research is interesting precisely because it allows one to look at this seemingly long-ago "solved" problem in a new way, having left the conjuncture considerations, to calmly understand this question, the complexity of which can be judged, if only because, that there is no unanimity in the literature as to the scope of German aid, and the channels by which it went to the Bolsheviks.
S.Landres formulated the objectives of his research in the Introduction: 1) to bring and analyze the text of all the telegrams used by the Provisional Government as the main evidence against the Bolshevik leaders in July 1917 (this task includes determining the origin of the telegrams and their authenticity, identifying events and persons, to which they relate); 2) to determine whether the content of telegrams confirms the idea that the business relationship between Parvus-Furstenberg-Kozlovsky was a disguise of the transfer of German money to the Bolshevik treasury; 3) to initiate a "reassessment of the problem of" German money "... in contemporary Russian historiography" (p.5).
After conducting a comprehensive source analysis of 66 telegrams, Landes concluded that their text "does not confirm ... the July accusations. In fact, the telegrams do not contain any evidence of the transfer of any capital from Stockholm to Petrograd. " S. Lyandres believes that despite all the attempts of the Provisional Government to find facts confirming the receipt of German money by the revolutionaries, he could not find any evidence of the "German ties" of the Bolsheviks.
The book by Professor Lindares is a serious attempt to solve a private, but extremely curious, question of the recent history of Russia. Written in a strictly academic manner, abounding in valuable documents and containing valid conclusions, the monograph will undoubtedly attract the attention of the Russian scientific community.

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