A crucial step in any successful threat management process is knowledge of the players
involved. Some individuals truly intend violence (known as hunters), while others merely
want to threaten or draw attention to themselves (howlers). Threat Assessment and Management
Strategies: Identifying the Howlers and Hunters helps those who interact with questionable
populations to identify problem behaviors and determine the appropriate preventative action.

A successful threat management process does not necessarily depend on large staffs or huge
resource commitments, but, instead, on attention to detail and a thoughtful approach. Through
actual case studies and case analyses, this volume explains the best practices for assessing
problem individuals and recommends the optimal protective response and management strategy.
The authors provide key indicators of hunters and howlers, comparing and contrasting their
behaviors and motivations. An entire chapter is devoted to analyzing the intimacy effect and
demonstrating how it applies to law enforcement, specifically to interpersonal relationships
involving targets of intended violence.

Frederick S. Calhoun, Ph.D. was the principal architect in developing the threat-assessment
process used by the U.S. Marshals Service for analyzing risks to federal judicial officials.
Currently, he manages a national workplace violence prevention program for a large federal
agency. Stephen J. Weston is a 32-year veteran of the California Highway Patrol. From 1991
to 2006, he managed the unit responsible for the investigation of threats against California
state officials. Their combined expertise provides anyone who is involved in managing
potentially violent situations with the guidance needed to contain the threat posed by
these would-be predators.

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