A ground-breaking study of logic, designed to introduce you to the range of logics. The book’s detailed, carefully paced exposition guides you step-by-step through the complex structure of syntax, semantics, and metatheory, ultimately allowing you to better understand logic and its applications.

Logics is a one-word description of the multitude of systems this book employs to teach the application of logic-from classical propositional and predicate logics to such modern alternatives as higher-order, modal, deontic, and non-classical logics.
In presenting the formal and philosophical aspects of these various logics, this book provides you with a solid education in the practical considerations in logic.
Moving from the basics of formal logic to more advanced topics, Logics uses concrete problems to introduce each system and proceeds to an account of the system’s semantics.

In addition, Logics includes:
• Discussion of recent developments in logic, such as supervaluations, fuzzy logics, relevance logics, and nonmonotonic logics.
• Careful balance between practical and formal philosophical issues.
• Discussion of all formal systems is motivated by practical considerations.
• Semantics is presented before proof theory to aid learning.
• Explicit, measured presentation of metatheory explains “the rules of the game” very clearly.
• Examples and exercises drive and reinforce the topic discussions.
• ABACUS software (included with the book) provides guidance and extra exercises on the relationship of logic to computer programming.

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