The lyotropic state of matter embraces a great many biologically active substances such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and lipopolysaccharides as well as highly concentrated solutions of soaps and detergents. It displays all the amazing—but typical for liquid crystals—capabilities for highly specific responses to the weakest external stimuli, combined at the same time with a relative structural rigidity and tendency for structural restoration after removing those stimuli. This makes the lyotropic state the most suitable condensed state for the existence of living matter. Above all, this is the native state of the most highly organized matter: the human brain.

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